Practice Makes Perfect
The designers of C# were able to draw upon the lessons learned from other OOPLs that preceded it. They borrowed the best features of C++, Java, Eiffel, and Smalltalk, and then added some capabilities and features not found in those languages. Conversely, the features that proved to be most troublesome in earlier languages were eliminated. As a result, C# is a powerful programming language that is also easy to learn. This is not to say that C# is a perfect language—no language is!—but simply that it has made some significant improvements over many of the languages that have preceded it.
C# Is Part of an Integrated Application Development Framework
The C# language is integrated into Microsoft’s .NET Framework—Microsoft’s powerful, comprehensive platform for developing applications and managing their runtime environment. The .NET Framework primarily supports the C#, C++, J#, and Visual Basic programming languages, but also provides a functionality called cross-language interoperability that allows objects created in different programming languages to work with each other. A core element of the .NET Framework is the common language runtime (CLR) that is responsible for the runtime management of any .NET Framework program. The CLR takes care of loading, running, and providing support services for the .NET Framework program.
The .NET Framework provides a high degree of interoperability between the languages it supports—C#, C++, Visual Basic, and JScript—through a Common Language Specification (CLS) that defines a common set of types and behaviors that every .NET language is guaranteed to recognize. The CLS allows developers to seamlessly integrate C# code with code written in any of the other .NET languages.
The .NET Framework also contains a vast collection of libraries called the .NET Framework Class Library (FCL) that provides almost all the common functionality needed to develop applications on the Windows platform. You’ll find that with the FCL a lot of programming work has already been done for you on topics ranging from file access to mathematical functions to database connectivity. The C# language and the .NET Framework provide one-stop shopping for all your programming needs. You can find out more about the .NET Framework here: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/default.aspx.
C# Is Object-Oriented from the Ground Up
Before newer OOPLs such as C# and Java arrived on the scene, one of the most widely used OOPLs was C++, which is actually an object-oriented extension of the non-OOPL C. As such, C++ provides a lot of “back doors” that make it very easy to write decidedly “un-OO” code. In fact, many proficient C programmers transitioned to C++ as a better C without properly learning how to design an object-oriented application, and hence wound up using C++ for the most part as a procedural (non-OO) language. In contrast, C# was built from the ground up to be a purely OOPL.
• Primitive value types, such as int and double, inherit from the Object class.
• All the graphical user interface (GUI) building blocks—windows, buttons, text input fields, scroll bars, lists, menus, and so on—are objects.
• All functions are attached to objects and are known as methods—there can be no freefloating functions as there are in C/C++.
• Even the entry point for a C# program (now called the Main method) no longer stands alone, but is instead bundled within a class.
Because of this, C# lends itself particularly well to writing applications that uphold the object-oriented paradigm.
C# Is Free
One last valuable feature of C# that we’ll mention is that it’s free! You can download the C# compiler and all other libraries and utilities you’ll need from the Microsoft Developer Network (MSDN) web site at no cost.
The designers of C# were able to draw upon the lessons learned from other OOPLs that preceded it. They borrowed the best features of C++, Java, Eiffel, and Smalltalk, and then added some capabilities and features not found in those languages. Conversely, the features that proved to be most troublesome in earlier languages were eliminated. As a result, C# is a powerful programming language that is also easy to learn. This is not to say that C# is a perfect language—no language is!—but simply that it has made some significant improvements over many of the languages that have preceded it.
C# Is Part of an Integrated Application Development Framework
The C# language is integrated into Microsoft’s .NET Framework—Microsoft’s powerful, comprehensive platform for developing applications and managing their runtime environment. The .NET Framework primarily supports the C#, C++, J#, and Visual Basic programming languages, but also provides a functionality called cross-language interoperability that allows objects created in different programming languages to work with each other. A core element of the .NET Framework is the common language runtime (CLR) that is responsible for the runtime management of any .NET Framework program. The CLR takes care of loading, running, and providing support services for the .NET Framework program.
The .NET Framework provides a high degree of interoperability between the languages it supports—C#, C++, Visual Basic, and JScript—through a Common Language Specification (CLS) that defines a common set of types and behaviors that every .NET language is guaranteed to recognize. The CLS allows developers to seamlessly integrate C# code with code written in any of the other .NET languages.
The .NET Framework also contains a vast collection of libraries called the .NET Framework Class Library (FCL) that provides almost all the common functionality needed to develop applications on the Windows platform. You’ll find that with the FCL a lot of programming work has already been done for you on topics ranging from file access to mathematical functions to database connectivity. The C# language and the .NET Framework provide one-stop shopping for all your programming needs. You can find out more about the .NET Framework here: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/default.aspx.
C# Is Object-Oriented from the Ground Up
Before newer OOPLs such as C# and Java arrived on the scene, one of the most widely used OOPLs was C++, which is actually an object-oriented extension of the non-OOPL C. As such, C++ provides a lot of “back doors” that make it very easy to write decidedly “un-OO” code. In fact, many proficient C programmers transitioned to C++ as a better C without properly learning how to design an object-oriented application, and hence wound up using C++ for the most part as a procedural (non-OO) language. In contrast, C# was built from the ground up to be a purely OOPL.
• Primitive value types, such as int and double, inherit from the Object class.
• All the graphical user interface (GUI) building blocks—windows, buttons, text input fields, scroll bars, lists, menus, and so on—are objects.
• All functions are attached to objects and are known as methods—there can be no freefloating functions as there are in C/C++.
• Even the entry point for a C# program (now called the Main method) no longer stands alone, but is instead bundled within a class.
Because of this, C# lends itself particularly well to writing applications that uphold the object-oriented paradigm.
C# Is Free
One last valuable feature of C# that we’ll mention is that it’s free! You can download the C# compiler and all other libraries and utilities you’ll need from the Microsoft Developer Network (MSDN) web site at no cost.
Source of Information : Apress Beginning C Sharp 2008 Objects From Concept To Code
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